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Question: Do Children Really Understand The Word Recycling And What Does It Means? Answer: Introduction For the research work, the researcher has used the deductive approach with the interpretivisim philosophy. For this particular study, the descriptive design is appropriate. For the study, the researcher has chosen 16 participants (toddlers of 2 -3 years of age) of Kings School in Australia and in order to monitor and properly conduct the survey, 2-3 adults are assigned. For the data analysis, done after the implementation of the sustainable practice, focus-group question and answer method is used. Research Philosophy Different types of research philosophies are realism, positivism, and interpretivism. Positivism helps to explain the information in a scientific way with the logical presentation[1]. On the other hand, interpretivism is the aspect of the sociology that helps to describe the elements of the research in a sociological manner[2]. In this research work, the researcher chose the interpretivisim philosophy so that it is easier for the researcher to collect, analyse and describe the data. Research approach Research approach is of two types that are deductive approach and the inductive approach. Both the approaches are used for different purpose. The inductive approach helps to formulate the hypothesis, which depends on the observation pattern. This helps to test the theoretical framework. On the other hand, the deductive approach helps to choose the theoretical framework first to frame and analyse the hypothesis[3]. The researcher used the deductive approach. Sampling For the research study, the researcher has selected the random and the stratified sampling technique. The sampling technique is of two types that are probable and non- probable sampling[4]. This technique helped the researcher to choose the participants or to select the focus group. Few criteria are taken into consideration while choosing the participants from the survey: The age of the participants must lie in between 2 to 3 years of age The participants must have learnt to speak The participants must not suffering from any disease (fever, cold or cough, allergy or other viral/bacterial infections and genetic disease) Summary Overall, the entire research work is based on the qualitative approach. Qualitative approach is concerned with subjective assessment of opinions, attitudes and behaviours, being a function of the researchers insights and impressions. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour. In qualitative research, data is collected is in the form of words, and common techniques are focus groups, projective techniques and depth interviews. Methods used to Encourage Students In order to understand the childrens perspective on recycle a question and answer round was used (questions attached in the annexure) and the following methods are used in addition: Engage children in discussions about sustainable practices such as noticing how a garbage bin is full, how food and scraps left over after meals time pollute the surroundings Encourage children to participate in a recycling program (recycling bins manufactured out of cardboard, plastic and paper) or involve them in developing new strategies for recycling materials (using donated materials for arts and craft or donating materials to council clean up etc.)[5][6] Research and Data Analysis Qualitative Data Analysis Question number Response Analysis 1 14 out of 16 participants said yes The majority of the children are quite acquainted with the term recycling and it proves that preaching sustainable use at school proved to be beneficial for them 2 12 out of 16 participants said yes 8 of them said that recycling means limited food wastage and remaining 4 of them said that recycling means storage of rainwater. Students are mostly aware of two most important theory behind recycling and this is enough at this point of age. 3 10 out of 16 participants said yes Students after returning home are also encouraged for recycling food. This shows that the parents are also becoming aware for the need to recourse conservation and trying to preach the same while at home too 4 They said that recycle scrap food via using it in the vegetable garden in worm farm 5 16 out of 16 participants said yes This proves that health and hygiene is maintained in all the families (100% success rate) 6 5 out of 16 participants said yes while another 5 said that they have three colourful bins at home and in school but they do not understand the significance Since they are toddlers (2 to 3 years of age), it is extremely difficult for them to understand the concept behind three bins. Some of the children, who is acquitted the picture of three bins are not aware of the importance behind it. 7 12 out of 16 participants said yes and they cited that full bin produce foul smell This show that the children take responsibility to empty the bin in order to escape from the pungent smell 8 Only 5 participants came up with the right concept of recycling, for them recycling is use of old plastic bottles as sand holders or sand spatula 9 11 out of 16 participants said yes 10 2 participant said yes The term composting remains unheard among the children. 11 8 out of 16 participants said yes 12 13 out of 16 participants said yes 13 8 out of 16 participants said yes 4 cited that they love to play numbering game with pebble and sticks, 2 of them said they low to store rain water and other 2 said that they love to use food as fertilizer in vegetable garden Conclusion The research findings showed that the majority of the participants are aware of the term recycling however, they are not completely aware of the concept behind the recycling and the use of three bins for waste disposal. The research also showed that the majority of the participants are in dark of composting, however, they practice recycling of unused or wasted food in farming. Thus from the above research, it can be concluded that, regular practice of sustainable use of the natural recourses at school will help the children to understand the concept behind three bins, composting, vegetable garden, worm farm and importance of recycling of scrap food. The overall research approach will help in better preparation of the next generation towards the sustainable use of the natural resources and will also help the understand the importance of three Rs, , Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. The upcoming flag bearers of the future generation (the toddlers) will look after the environment. They will learn different type of sustainability practices and how they can incorporate those practices in their everyday lives. Such practices would not only benefit them but also will benefit the environment. Recommendation Few recommendations to preach the sustainable use of the natural resources are: Setting up paper collection points in each classrooms craft corner and encourage kids to reuse one sided paper Recruiting coloured bins in the central location of the school or assembly area and marking them as per colour (red: general waste, yellow: recycling or biodegradable) Establishing a worm farm and using the worm casting and juice from the worm farm on the garden to cultivate vegetables Organizing compost treasure hunt where the children will search for those items that can be added to the compost bin Erecting rainwater tank in the action area of the school, for the collection of rainwater that can use to water plants, in the washroom or in other cleaning purpose. Recycling water from the water play acts into the garden and emptying the childrens drinking bottles onto the garden[7] Utilizing environmental friendly product (where applicable) Promoting the use of natural resources for craft via asking families to bring in recyclable items to use for arts and craft Growing plants from seed and monitoring the overall growth process Such sustainable practice will promote awareness towards the environment, green housekeeping practices. It will promote healthy eating, gardening, minimizing waste, recycling and reducing water and energy consumption[8][9]. Reference List Bergh and Ketchen, Research methodology in Strategy and Management 1st ed. (2011) Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd Boyd, Haynes, M. A. Hitt, and D. D. Bergh. "KETCHEN JR. DJ, Contingency Hypotheses Management Research: Use, Disuse or Misuse," (2011) Journal of Management" published online23 Cameron, . 'A sequential mixed model research design: design, analytical and display issues', (2012) International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 3(2), 140-152 Comber, Rob, and Anja Thieme. "Designing beyond habit: opening space for improved recycling and food waste behaviors through processes of persuasion, social influence and aversive affect."(2013) Personal and ubiquitous computing17.6: 1197-1210. Costa-Pierce BA, Bartley DM, Hasan M, Yusoff F, Kaushik SJ, Rana K, Lemos D, Bueno P, Yakupitiyage A. Responsible use of resources for sustainable aquaculture. Farming the waters for people and food. (2012) Oxford Press 113-47. Crowther and Lancaster,Research Methods, 2nd ed. (2012) London: Routledge Dix, Andrew. "Law for the medical profession in Australia.", (1996) TheMedicalJournal ofAustralia, 102, 105 Early Childhood Australia - A Voice For Young Children(2017) Early Childhood Australia https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/ Estrada, Mayra. "Every Drop Counts: UC Berkeley Student Water Conservation Behavior." (2013). Guillain, Charlotte.Reusing and Recycling. (2008) Capstone Classroom. Lo Resolving ethical dilemmas: a guide for clinicians. (2012) Oxford Press, 22,23 NSW ECEEN(2017) www.eceen.org.au https://www.eceen.org.au. Roca, Nuria.The three R's: reuse, reduce, recycle. (2007) Barrons Educational Series, 34, 37. Schelly C, Cross JE, Franzen W, Hall P and Reeve S. How to go green: Creating a conservation culture in a public high school through education, modeling, and communication. (2012) The Journal of Environmental Education. 1;43(3):143-61. songsforteaching(2017) Songsforteaching.com https://www.songsforteaching.com/index.html. Turnbull, Stephanie.Rubbish and recycling. (2005) Usborne, 70, 84 [1] Boyd, Haynes, M. A. Hitt, and D. D. Bergh. "KETCHEN JR. DJ, Contingency Hypotheses Management Research: Use, Disuse or Misuse," (2011) Journal of Management" published online23 [2] Cameron, . 'A sequential mixed model research design: design, analytical and display issues', (2012) International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 3(2), 140-152 [3] Crowther and Lancaster,Research Methods, 2nd ed. (2012) London: Routledge. [4] Bergh and Ketchen, Research methodology in Strategy and Management 1st ed. (2011) Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd [5] Schelly C, Cross JE, Franzen W, Hall P and Reeve S. How to go green: Creating a conservation culture in a public high school through education, modeling, and communication. (2012) The Journal of Environmental Education. 1;43(3):143-61. [6] Estrada, Mayra. "Every Drop Counts: UC Berkeley Student Water Conservation Behavior." (2013). [7] Costa-Pierce BA, Bartley DM, Hasan M, Yusoff F, Kaushik SJ, Rana K, Lemos D, Bueno P, Yakupitiyage A. Responsible use of resources for sustainable aquaculture. Farming the waters for people and food. (2012) Oxford Press 113-47. [8] NSW ECEEN(2017) www.eceen.org.au https://www.eceen.org.au. [9] Comber, Rob, and Anja Thieme. "Designing beyond habit: opening space for improved recycling and food waste behaviors through processes of persuasion, social influence and aversive affect."(2013) Personal and ubiquitous computing17.6: 1197-1210.